FindingsĪfter running the three experiments, Stroop drew two main conclusions: The dependent variable (DV) was reaction time (ms) in reporting the letter color. Inconguent (word name and font color are different) The independent variable (IV) was the congruency of the font name and colour.Ĭonguent (word name and font color are the same) The third and final experiment integrated all of the previously mentioned tests with an undergraduate population of 32 participants. Afterwards, participants had to say the color of the word, regardless of its meaning – the opposite of the experiment 1 procedure. Participants (100 college students) were first asked to name the color of individual squares (instead of the color of words) as a training mechanism for the subsequent task. The second experiment was the opposite of the first. In other words, participants must read aloud the word “green” even if written in a different color. Participants (70 college undergraduates) were tasked with reading the word aloud, irrespective of its color.
In order to empirically study these two major aims, Stroop ran three different experiments:
To measure what effect practicing reacting to color stimuli in the presence of conflicting word stimuli would have upon the reaction times. To examine how incongruency between the color of the word and the word’s content will impair the ability to name the color. Aimsīuilding off previous research, Stroop had two main aims in his groundbreaking paper: The Stroop effect was first published back in 1935 by American psychologist John Ridley Stroop, although discoveries of this phenomenon date back to the nineteenth century (Stroop, 1935). 
Since psychologist John Ridley Stroop first developed this paradigm back in 1935, the Stroop task has since been modified to help understand additional brain mechanisms and expanded to aid in brain damage and psychopathology research. Reading, a more powerful automatic process, takes some precedence over colour naming, which requires higher cognitive demands. For example, when presented with the word “green” that is written in red ink, it is much easier to name the word that is spelled, as opposed to the color ink in which the word is written. 
Participants are tasked with naming the color of the word, not the word itself, as fast as they can.
The Stroop test requires individuals to view a list of words that are printed in a different color than the meaning of the word. In psychology, the Stroop effect is the delay in reaction time between automatic and controlled processing of information, in which the names of words interfere with the ability to name the colour of ink used to print the words.
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